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Glossary Abduction - Moving a limb away from midline of the body
Achilles tendon - Prominent tendon at the back of the leg, behind the ankle Adduction - Moving a limb toward the midline of the body ADL - Activities of daily living AFO - Ankle Foot Orthosis AK - A prosthesis or amputation above the knee, more commonly, Transfemoral Alignment - The orientation of a prosthetic socket in relation to foot and knee components in all three planes Amputation - Removal of all or part of a limb Amputee - A person who has had all or part of a limb amputated, or was born without a limb or part of a limb Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) - An orthosis (brace) which is prescribed to support or control the ankle Anterior - Toward the front of the body Atrophy -The reduction in the size of a muscle, often from disuse BE -An amputation or prosthesis below the elbow - more commonly, Transradial Bench alignment - The basic alignment of a socket and other components which is established before the prosthetist begins to align the prosthesis on the client Bilateral - "Both sides" - if both legs are amputated, bilateral prostheses would be provided Biomechanics - The scientific study of body movement and forces BK -An amputation or prosthesis below the knee - more commonly, Transtibial BOCO - Orthotist certified by the Board for Orthotist/Prosthetist Certification (BOC) BOCP - Prosthetist certified by the Board for Orthotist/Prosthetist Certification (BOC) BOCPO - Prosthetist/Orthotist certified by the Board for Orthotist/Prosthetist Certification (BOC) Bulbous - A residual limb that is large at the end, near the surgical site Cadence - The speed at which one walks Calcaneus - Heel bone Callous - Thickening of the skin Carpals - The bones between the metacarpals and the wrist Cast - modification Adding or removing material from the plaster model of a residual limb to improve the fit of the socket that will be made from that plaster model Cavus foot - A foot with an unusually high arch Cervical vertebrae - The seven vertebrae of the neck Check socket - A socket, usually transparent, which is used to evaluate the socket fit before the fabrication of the final socket - also called a test socket Chopart - A partial foot amputation leaving only the calcaneus and talus intact Clavicle - The collar bone CO - Orthotist certified by the American Board for Certification (ABC) Coccyx - Distal portion of vertebral column; the tail bone Compound fracture - A bone fracture which has broken through the skin Congenital - "Born with", as with birth deformities Congenital limb deficiency - Absence of a limb or part of a limb at the time of birth Contracture - A shortening of a muscle Cosmesis - The appearance of a device Cosmetic cover - The protective external cover that gives an endoskeletal prosthesis a normal anatomical appearance CP - Prosthetist certified by the American Board for Certification (ABC) CPO - Prosthetist/Orthotist certified by the American Board for Certification (ABC) Decubitis - ulcer Bed sore; pressure sore Definitive prosthesis - This prosthesis is a permanent device Definitive prosthesis - A permanent prosthesis which, it is anticipated, the client will use for a long time Disarticulation - Amputation through a joint; no bone is cut Distal - Away from the trunk - when referring to a limb, the part farthest from the body Doffing - The act of taking the prosthesis or orthosis off Donning - The act of putting the prosthesis or orthosis on Dorsiflexion - The motion of the ankle joint that raises the foot Drop foot - An inability to dorsiflex foot (raise the foot) Dynamic alignment - Adjusting the prosthetic components to suit the movement patterns of the client Edema - Collection of fluids causing swelling of the tissues (also spelled oedema) Endoskeletal - "Inside skeleton", a prosthesis has the structural components inside a non-structural cover which provides protection and cosmesis Energy storing foot - A prosthetic component designed with a flexible inner structure that flexes slightly during weight bearing and then releases its energy to help the prosthesis move forward Ertl Procedure - A transtibial amputation technique in which bone is introduced between the tibia and fibula, so that they will be secured together for greater comfort and function Exoskeletal - "Outside skeleton", a prosthesis which is supported by a rigid outside shell Extension - To straighten a joint Femur Bone - from hip to knee joint Fibula - Lateral bone of leg, from knee to ankle Flaccid - Relaxed or flabby - without muscle tone Flexion - To bend a joint Flexion contracture - A permanent muscular contraction due to spasm or fibrosis FO - Foot Orthosis, also called "orthotics" or arch supports Fracture - Any break in a bone Fusion - To grow together; as in a joint which grows together and no longer bends Gait - training Learning to walk with a prosthesis or orthosis Hematoma - A localized haemorrhage Hemipelvectomy - Amputation above the hip joint in which part of the pelvis is removed Hemiplegic - Paralysis of one side of the body Hemophilia - A medical condition in which bleeding does not stop in the normal manner HKAFO - Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis - an orthosis (brace) which supports the patient from the hip to the foot HO - Hip Orthosis - a brace which controls motion of the hip Humerus Bone - from the shoulder to the elbow Hyperextension - Angle of extension greater than normal Idiopathic - A medical term meaning "cause unknown" used to describe medical conditions of unknown origin Inferior - Away from the head; below Inflammation - Redness which may be accompanied by heat and swelling Interface - Inner surface of a prosthetic or orthotic device which is in contact with the patient's skin Ischial containment - A Transfemoral socket design which covers the ischium and contains it Ischium or Ischial Tuberosity - The part of the pelvis on which we sit; the "seat bones" KAFO - Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis - an orthosis which provides support to both the knee and ankle KB - Knee Bearing; a prosthesis on which the amputee bears weight on the knee KD - An amputation through the knee joint, or a prosthesis for such amputation Knee Disarticulation - An amputation through the knee joint, or a prosthesis for such amputation KO - Knee Orthosis - an orthosis which provides support to the knee Kyphosis - Spinal curvature in the thoracic spine; humpback Lateral - Away from the midline of the trunk; as in the outside of the leg Lesion - Break in the skin Ligament - Connective tissue between bones Liner - Soft material used between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket providing protection, comfort, and in some cases suspension Lordosis - Spinal curvature - often an exaggerated curve of the lumbar spine LSO - Lumbosacral Orthosis - a brace which supports the lower back and pelvis Lumbar spine - The five spinal vertebra of the low back - the vertebrae between the pelvis and the ribs Malleolus - A rounded bony prominence on either side of the ankle joint - the plural is malleoli Manipulation - Treatment by manual techniques Manual locking knee - A prosthetic knee component, which can be locked in extension for safety during ambulation - the lock is manually released when the amputee sits Mastectomy - Amputation of the breast Medial - Toward the midline of the trunk, as in the inside of leg Metacarpal - The five long bones of the hand to which the fingers attach Metatarsals - The five bones of the foot to which the toes attach Multiaxial foot - A prosthetic foot that has motion in more than one plane Muscle - Tissue which has ability to contract when stimulated Myodesis procedure - An amputation technique in which the cut muscles are secured to the bone so that they will perform better with less atrophy Myoelectric prosthesis - An upper limb prosthesis which uses electrodes within the socket to convert muscular contraction of the residual limb into signals which activate the elbow, wrist, or terminal device Nerve - Tissue capable of transmitting impulses Neuroma - An overgrowth of nerve tissue Non-union - A fractured bone which does not heal normally Occipital - Relating to the back of the head Occupational therapy - Treatment to improve tasks of work or daily living Orthoses - The plural of orthosis (orthopedic brace) Orthosis - An orthopaedic brace or appliance Orthotics - The art and science of fitting orthoses (orthopedic braces). Also a term for Foot Orthoses or arch supports Orthotist - A professional who designs, supplies, and fits orthotic braces OT - Occupational Therapist Paralysis - Inability to use muscles because of nerve damage Paraplegia - Partial or complete paralysis of both legs Paraplegic - One who has paraplegia; paralyzed from the waist down Patella - The kneecap Pathomechanics - The scientific study of faulty body movement Peripheral vascular disease - Disease of the small blood vessels near the skin surface Pes Planus - A foot with a low or flat arch Phalanges - Fingers or toes Phantom pain - An abnormal painful sensation in that part of an amputated limb that is no longer present Phantom sensation - Sensory awareness of the part of an amputated limb that is no longer present - a normal and non-painful condition Physical therapy - Exercise and training to restore function Pistoning - When the residual limb moves slightly into and out of the socket Plantar - The bottom surface of the foot - the sole PMR - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Polycentric knee - A prosthetic knee component with more than one axis of rotation to increase knee stability. It is helpful for fitting amputees with long residual limbs because it improves cosmesis by minimizing the length of the thigh section Posterior - Toward the back of the body Post-operative prosthesis - A prosthesis which is fitted to the patient immediately following surgery Prehension - To hold or grasp Prognosis - Prediction of the medical outcome Prostheses - The plural of prosthesis (artificial limb) Prosthesis - A device which replaces a missing body part; an artificial limb Prosthetist - A professional specializing in designing, fitting and fabricating artificial limbs PT - Physical therapist, or physical therapy PTB socket Patella Tendon Bearing Socket - a type of socket for a below-knee amputee, which is designed to bear weight on the tendon just below the patella PTS socket Patella Tendon Super Condylar Socket - a type of socket for a below-knee amputees with trim lines, which provide suspension by enclosing the bones of the knee Quadriplegia Partial or complete paralysis of both the arms and legs Radius - One of the two bones between the elbow and hand; the radius joins the hand nearest the thumb Residual limb - That part of the limb which remains after amputation - the stump RGO Reciprocating Gait Orthosis - an HKAFO or KAFO that links the legs so that a paralyzed person is able to step forward to walk - crutches are commonly required for balance Rigid dressing- A cast or device applied after amputation, which controls swelling and reduces pain ROM - Range of motion - the extent of the ability to move a joint SACH foot Solid Ankle Cushion Heel - a prosthetic foot that has no mechanical axis and simulates normal foot function by compression of the heel and flexibility of the toe Scapula - The bone referred to as the shoulder blade Scoliosis - Lateral curvature of the spine; 'S' shaped spine Silesian bandage or belt - A flexible belt which can be used to assist the suspension of a transfemoral prosthesis - "bandage" is used in the older sense of the word, meaning 'something that binds" Single axis foot - A prosthetic foot with only one pivot point which allows movement in one plane Socket - The part of the prosthesis that encloses the residual limb Spasm - Involuntary muscle contraction Spastic - Subject to involuntary muscular contractions or spasms Spinal orthosis - Brace applied to all or part of the trunk, head and neck, and their intermediate joints Stance control knee - A prosthetic knee component with a mechanism which increases the safety and stability of the knee Static alignment - Alignment of the prosthesis or orthosis while the patient is standing but not walking Stockinette - A tubular cotton or nylon fabric which is sometimes used to don a prosthetic socket Stroke - Rupturing of a blood vessel in the brain Stump shrinker - A compressive wrapping or sock applied to the residual limb to prevent swelling and shape the limb, commonly used during the first post-operative months Stump sock - A sock worn over the residual limb to cushion the limb and provide a snug fit between limb and socket Suction socket - A type of prosthetic socket that is held on the limb with negative pressure Suspension - To hold up or suspend; used to describe the method of holding a prosthesis in place Suspension sleeve - A flexible component that suspends a transtibial prosthesis - it is an elastic tubular sleeve that is pulled over the upper part of the prosthesis and then rolled up on the thigh once the prosthesis has been donned Syme - An ankle disarticulation amputation procedure named for the physician who invented it - the bulbous end of the limb is often able to bear weight. Also, a prosthesis for a Syme amputee Tarsals - The bones between the metatarsals and the bones of the ankle joint and heel Temporary prosthesis - A prosthesis fitted soon after amputation so that gait training can begin Terminal device - Term used to describe portion of upper extremity prosthesis which replaces the hand - a prosthetic hand or hook Test socket - A socket, usually transparent, which is used to evaluate the socket fit before the fabrication of the final socket - also called a check socket Thermoplastic - A type of plastic that can be heated and formed Thoracic vertebra - The 12 spinal vertebra to which ribs are attached Tibia - One of two bones from knee to ankle joint - the shin bone TLSO - Thoracolumbar-Sacral Orthosis - a brace which supports the spine from pelvis to armpits Torso - The chest and abdominal area - the trunk Total contact - A socket design that provides contact with all parts of the residual limb Traction - External force used to pull a body member Transfemoral (TF) - amputation - Amputation above the knee Transhumeral (TH) - amputation - Amputation above the elbow Transmetasatal (TM) - amputation - A partial foot amputation through the metatarsal bones Transradial (TR) - amputation - Amputation below the elbow Transtibial (TT) - amputation- Amputation below the knee Traumatic amputation - The removal of a limb as a result of an accident or injury Tremor - Involuntary shaking Ulcer - Lesion or opening of the skin Ulna - One of two bones between the elbow and hand - the ulna joins the hand nearest the little finger Umbilicus - Navel Unilateral - One side only; used to describe an amputee missing one extremity Upper extremity - Same as upper limb - having to do with the arms Valgus - Bent or angled inward; at the knee, knock-knee Varus - Bent or angled outward; at the knee, bowlegged Vascular - Relating to or containing blood vessels Vascular amputation - Amputation surgery performed as a result of impaired blood circulation WHO Wrist-Hand Orthosis - an orthosis which supports the wrist and hand Wrist unit - An upper limb prosthetic component that allows the amputee to position the terminal device for optimum function |
